Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme

PEIN Country Profile and Virtual Environment Library

Fiji

Capital City:
Suva
Region:
Melanesia - Pacific (Oceania)
Languages:
English, Bau Fijian and Fiji Hindi
National Focal Points for Environment:
Department of Environment

Overview

* Excerpt from 'Fiji Strategic Development Plan 2007-2011'

Environmental Sustainability

“Ensuring environmental sustainability” is the seventh MDG, which provides a framework for integrating the principles of Sustainable Development into national policies, thus ensuring availability of safe drinking water, improving sanitation, and reducing other social ills such as poverty and unemployment.

Achieving sustainable development, while overcoming environmental challenges such as deforestation, land degradation, logging of watersheds, over-exploitation of terrestrial and aquatic biological resources, improper waste management and pollution control, impact of climate change, and the attitude of people in terms of the unsustainable use of their resources, is a central challenge to governments of small island states such as Fiji. Increasing population, urbanization, industrial, agricultural and other economic development have placed increasing pressure on coastal zones leading to loss of habitat and affecting ecological processes. This is a result of coastal development, pollution, increased water demand from freshwater lenses, over exploitation of resources and other related issues The absence of consistent monitoring of development within coastal zone development makes it difficult to assess the extent and seriousness of damage and degradation in coastal zones of Fiji.

The discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastewater from the industrial and agricultural sectors, and increased sewage discharge causes harmful effects to the environment and to human health. The impacts of which result in changes to the ecosystems, reduction in economic value of resources, aesthetic damage, and poses human health risks. Contaminants of concern that are present in wastewater include pathogens (micro-organisms), nutrients, heavy metals, hazardous chemicals, suspended solids, and oil and grease.

The Ministry of Environment, in partnership with other Government Ministries and
Departments, Institutions NGOs and through donor funding, has implemented various environment programmes throughout Fiji related to biodiversity conservation, sustainable biological resource use, climate change, waste and pollution, development control and other programmes related to Fiji’s obligations under regional and multilateral agreements. The production of Fiji’s Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, National Land Use Policy (Land Use Department, 2005), the First National Communication on Climate Change Strategic Actions (2005), Solid and Liquid Waste Strategies (2006), Endangered and Protected Species ACT (2002), Environment Management Act (EMA) 2005 and the scheduled Litter Act for 2008 will provide a framework for sustainable
management of land and water resources.

The key features of the EMA 2005 are:

The setting up of a National Environment Council (NEC) to coordinate the formulation of environment related policies and plans;
The requirement for Environment Impact Assessments to be binding on all parties, including Government;
Permits to discharge waste and pollutants into the environment;
National Resource Inventories, National Resource Management Plan, National State of the Environment Report, and the National Environment Strategy; and
Declarations, enforcement orders, stop work notices will ensure environmental compliance according to the laws.

Government has endorsed the Fiji Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan (2003), with implementation being ongoing through various Government Ministries and Departments, Institutions and NGOs. Through such partnerships, the Ministry of Environment is conducting research programmes to identify areas of high biodiversity and sustainable productive areas, such as Marine Protected Areas (MPA), which are being recommended for protection. In Fiji, 177 out of 189 sites have been identified as MPA (area coverage of 7000 sq. meters of Qoliqoli area). Kadavu is legally gazetted while the rest have traditional ban (Taboo) imposed. It is envisaged that these areas will be added attractions, as they convert to marine parks bringing economic benefit to the resource-owners, whilst conserving the natural heritage and habitat.

Solid and Liquid Waste Management strategies has also been developed. The extension of urban boundaries and the incorporation of new towns had seen an increasing demand for waste management in urban areas. Since the Naboro Landfill caters for Suva-Nausori area, rural areas have no proper waste management systems. They either use their backyards or mangroves as dumpsites. A rural waste management policy is being developed under the International Waters Programme. As part of the policy an economic evaluation research is being done to estimate the economic costs of the current, liquid and solid waste management systems in the Rewa Province, including health and amenity costs and to identify and evaluate alternative waste management options for households in rural areas. MoE has worked the squatter waste management in the Wailea Squatter Settlement and hopes to replicate the best practices to other squatters in Fiji.

The Ministry of the Environment has been implementing the Ozone Depleting Substances Act 1998 and its Regulations (2000). With this legislation, MoE regulates the import, export, sale, storage and use of ozone depleting substances (ODS), such as refrigerators and air-conditioning, to give effect to Fiji’s obligation under the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Government had endorsed Fiji’s methyl bromide phase out action plan, one of the ozone depleting chemicals, and the management plan for total phasing out of methyl bromide and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) by 2010.

Development Constraints and Challenges

The major environmental problems include: deforestation, land degradation, air and water pollution, inappropriate refuse disposal, climate change and sea-level rise, outdated legislation and its inadequate enforcement, and limited public awareness. It is hoped that the implementation of the Environment Management Act and related programmes, and allocation of adequate resources, will assist in addressing some of these issues. The challenges that will be faced while implementing EMA include the absence of accredited laboratories in the country. Currently only one laboratory has been accredited, which is the Institute of Applied Sciences of USP, and the accreditation is only for a limited range of parameters. There is an urgent need to address this gap in country to avoid high costs of foreign laboratories. Accredited laboratories will enable better
environmental monitoring and enforcement.

Country Profiles
Country Reports
Technical Reports
Multimedia
Country Websites

Country Profiles

Adaptation Learning Mechanism [climate change adaptation] country profiles
Fiji

Asian Development Bank Country Profiles and Strategies
Fiji

Biosafety Profiles [CBD Biosafety Clearinghouse Mechanism]
Fiji

Birdlife [Avifauna] Profiles
Fiji

see also Species profiles [*For the Globally Threatened Birds (those evaluated as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable), each factsheet contains a summary account, range map and an illustration, plus additional data tables. For Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, Near Threatened, Least Concern and Data Deficient species, each contains a concise summary paragraph and some additional data tables.] [Birdlife International]
Fiji

see also Important bird areas of the Pacific [IBAs] (2010) [Birdlife Pacific]

IBA Profiles:
Fiji

* order the complete CD-ROM 'Important bird areas in the Pacific: a compendium' from the SPREP IRC

see also Endemic Bird Areas [EBAs] of the Pacific [incl. Aitutaki Fiji ]

Climate Lab profiles
Fiji

Country Climate Profile [UNDP]
* Sourced from the Adaptation Learning Mechanism, a knowledge sharing platform developed by UNDP in partnership with the Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the World Bank, and the United Nations Environment Programme.

Earthtrends Thematic Country Profiles [WRI]
Agriculture and food, Biodiversity and protected areas, Climate and atmosphere, Coastal and marine ecosystems, Economics, business and the environment, Energy and resources, Environmental governance and institutions, Forests, grasslands and drylands, Population, health and human well-being, Water resources and freshwater ecosystems.

Ecoregion Profiles [World Wildlife Fund]
Tropical Moist Forests
Fiji

Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests
Fiji

Endangered Species: Country Profiles:
Fiji

Environment Statistics - Country Snapshots [UN; 2009]
Fiji

Environmental Vulnerability Index - Country Profiles [SOPAC / UNEP]
Fiji,

EU Pacific Country Environment Profiles
Fiji (2006; 513kb)

see also EU Country Partnership Profiles [incl. environment and EDF10 strategies]
Fiji

FAO Country Profiles and Mapping Information System
Fiji

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Country Profiles
Fiji

Fishbase Biodiversity Country Profiles (all fish)
Fiji

Fisheries Resources Profiles
Fiji (1994?; 704kb)

Forestry Country Profiles
Forestry Department Country Profiles [FAO]
Fiji

see also FAO Forest Resource Assessment : Country Reports [2010]
Fiji (2010; 679kb)

see also FAO Forest Resources Assessments - Data collection for the Pacific region [2000]
Fiji

Global Biodiversity Information Forum [GBIF] Country Profiles
Fiji

see also GBIF Google Earth Country Links
Fiji

Global Environment Facility (GEF) Country Profiles
Use the drop down menu to go to the individual profiles - includes GEF-4 Allocation and Utilization , Approved Projects and Projects Under Preparation

Integrated Coastal Management Profiles
Fiji

Integrated Water Resource Management Profiles [SOPAC]
Fiji

Invasive Species : Country Profiles [ISSG]
Fiji

Land-based pollutants inventory for the South Pacific region: Part 2: Regional summary and country profiles [SPREP] (1993; 19mb)

Laws and legislation

Pacific islands Environmental Laws [Commonwealth Secretariat]
Fiji

SPREP National Laws and Legislation clearinghouse
Fiji

see also 'Legislative reviews' in Country Reports (below)

Mangrove and Wetlands Profiles [ *from Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Workshop on Mangrove Wetlands Protection and Sustainable Use . SPREP, 2002.]
Fiji (2002; 247kb)

see also: A Directory of Wetlands in Oceania [1993]
see also: Wetlands of the Pacific Island Region (2008; 882kb)
see also: IWMI Global Wetlands - Interactive Web Map Server - includes countries of Oceania

Marine Resource Profiles

State of Coral Reef Systems
Fiji [GCRMB] (2007; 611kb), Fiji [CRISP] (2007; 4.6mb),

see also: State of the marine environment in the South Pacific Region (1990; 3.48mb)

see also:Reefbase Country Profiles (coral reefs, reef fish, biodiversity) Fiji

see also GIS data for corals in the Pacific from Reefbase - browse by country and reef profile
see also GIS data for marine protected areas in the Pacific from Reefbase - browse by country and ecosystem

MPA Global Profiles (marine protected areas database) Fiji

Mapservers containing country level data on land utilisation, forestry, minerals etc. Fiji

Millenium Development Goals - Country Profiles Fiji

National Communications Support Programme [Climate] Profiles [UNDP] Fiji

Pacific Biodiversity Information Forum Country Data: Fiji

Pacific Regional information System - PRISM [SPC]
Environmental and Climate Statistics Fiji

Political Reviews [Contemporary Pacific] Fiji

Protected Areas

~Pacific Protected Areas database (PBIF) Fiji

~World Database on Protected Areas - Pacific site profiles Fiji

see also Protected Area profiles on www.protectedplanet.net - Fiji

see also GIS data for marine protected areas in the Pacific - browse by country and ecosystem
see also MPA Global Profiles (marine protected areas database) above

SPC Country Profiles:
Fiji

SPREP Country Profiles: Exchange of Information by Members at SPREP Annual Meetings:
- Exchamge of information by Members on National Developments related to Natural Resource Management Priority of the Action Plan [2007]
see Agenda Item 6.1: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 18th SPREP Meeting of Officials in Apia, Samoa on 11th to 14th September 2007

- Exchange of information by Members on national developments related to Pollution Prevention priority of the SPREP Action Plan [2008]
see Agenda Item 8.6: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the19th SPREP Annual Meeting of Officials in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia on 8–12 September 2008

- Exchange of Information by Members on National Developments Related to the Climate Change Focus Area of the SPREP Action Plan [2009]
see Agenda Item 11.2: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 20th SPREP Annual Meeting of Officials in Apia, Samoa on 17 - 20 November 2009

- Exchange of Information by Members on Year of Biodiversity [2010]
see Agenda Item 11.3: Country Profiles of the Report and record of the 21st SPREP Meeting of Officials in Madang, Papua New Guinea on 6-10 September 2010
see also individual profiles for: Wallis and Futuna

Sustainable Development Profiles (UN Agenda 21)
Fiji

Threatened species: Summary of species on the 2008 IUCN Red List
Fiji

UNCCD Country Profiles:
Fiji

UNEP Country Profiles [* poorly maintained and little information available]
Fiji

Water Resource Profiles [SOPAC - Pacific water - http://www.pacificwater.org/]
Fiji

see also "Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries" - country briefing papers (2003)
Fiji

WHO Environmental Health Profiles
Fiji

World Bank Country Profiles [country summary / statistics]
Fiji / Fiji

World Bank Environment indicators
Fiji

World Factbook Country Profiles [CIA]
Fiji

World Ocean Database 2005 [NOAA]
Geographically sorted data for the Pacific Ocean [datasets]

see also Environmental indicators: South Pacific (UNEP: 2004; 6.23mb)
see also Polynesia / Micronesia Biodiversity Hotspot Ecosystem Profile (2007; 1.16mb)

Country Reports

Asian Development Bank Country Environmental Analysis Reports
Fiji (2005; 590kb)

Barbados Programme of Action + 10 (BPoA)
National Assessment Reports: Fiji (2003; 396kb),

Pacific Environment Outlook (2005; 30.99mb)

The Conference on Small Island Developing States (Barbados Conference, 1994) highlighted the importance of island biodiversity as an ecological corridor linking major areas of biodiversity around the world. The conference called for international co-operation and partnership to support the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in their efforts to conserve, protect and restore their ecosystems. The Barbados Plan of Action recognizes the importance of the coastal zone as a source of subsistence and economic development.

Commission on Sustainable Development (Agenda 21)
Fiji (260kb) - see also Fiji

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
Annual Reports:
Fiji (2007; 1.15mb)

Disasters and Climate Variability in the Pacific Islands: WORLD BANK regional stocktake- Country Assessment:
Fiji (2009; 514kb)

Legislative Reviews
Fiji (1992; 5.53mb), Fiji (2006; 261kb)

see also:
Marine turtle legislative reviews:
Fiji (2010; 609kb)

Mauritius Strategy + 5 Review: National Assessment Reports [5-year Review of Progress Made in Addressing Vulnerabilities of Small Islands Developing States Through Implementation of the Mauritius Strategy for Further Implementation (MSI) of the
Barbados Programme of Action (BPOA) ]
Fiji (2010; 1.36mb)

Millenium Development Goals National Reports
Fiji (2004; 482kb)

Pacific Islands Regional MDG - Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability (2004; 324kb)
Pacific Islands Regional MDG Full Report

National Action Programmes (NAP) to combat land degradation [UNCCD]
Fiji (2007; 572kb)

National Air Pollution Control Strategies
Fiji (2007; 219kb)

National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plans (NBSAP)
Fiji (1999; 1.86), Fiji (2007 rev.; 8.7mb)

National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA)
Inception Report:
Fiji (2008; 17.4mb)

Stocktake Report:
Fiji (2008; 27mb)

Thematic Assessment Reports:
Biodiversity: Fiji (2008; 121kb)
Climate Change: Fiji (2008; 1.33mb)
Land degradation: Fiji (2008; 627kb)

Cross-cutting Analysis: Fiji (2008; 1.2mb)

Action Plans:
Fiji (2009; 1.45mb)

NCSA Status (NCSA website)
Fiji

National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS)
Fiji (1993; 17.62mb)

National Integrated Water Resource Management : Diagnostic Reports - drafts only [SOPAC]
Fiji (2007; 350kb)

National Marine Spill Contingency Plan "NatPlan"

National Climate Change Policy
Fiji (2012, 2MB) NEW!!

Fiji 2008-2010 (2008; 1.02mb)

Fiji National Solid Waste Management Strategy 2011-2014 (NEW)

National [Sustainable] Development Plans / Strategies [ForumSec]
Fiji: 2001-2020 (2002; 776kb) / Fiji: 2007-2011 (2006; 2.51mb) / Draft Peoples Charter for Change, Peace and Progress (2008; 1.78mb)

National Assessment Reports: Fiji (2006; 200kb)

Indicators: Fiji (2003; 19kb)

ADB Reports: Fiji (2004; 386kb)

Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change [PACC] - reports, activities and PACC news updates
Fiji

Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change [PACC] - report of in-country consultations
Fiji (2009; 169kb)

Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries - Country briefings
Fiji (2003; 170kb)

Pacific Regional Energy Assessment: Country Reports (PIREP)
Fiji (2004; 2.64mb)

Regional overview report (2004; 2.59mb)

Peristant Organic Pollutants (POPs): Country Plans
Fiji (2003; 915kb)

National Implementation Plans
Fiji (2006; 7.75mb)

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention, 1989), the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention, 1998) and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (Stockholm Convention, 2001) together provide an international framework for the environmentally sound management of hazardous chemicals throughout their life cycles.

Priority Environmental Concerns (PECs) Reports
Fiji (2004; 323kb)

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: Country reports to the RAMSAR CoPs
National Reports submitted to the 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (2008)
Fiji (2008; 207kb)

National reports to the 4th Oceania Regional meeting for the RAMSAR COP10 10-11 April 2008, Apia Samoa
Fiji

Sea Level & Climate: their present state: Country reports
Fiji (2006; 2.76mb)

Ships' Waste Management in Pacific Islands Ports: Country reports
Fiji

State of the Environment Reports
Fiji (1992; 20.6mb)

see also the archive of SPREP Country Reports between 1980-1983 as follows:
Fiji (1980; 1.05mb)

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED: Brazil, 1992)
Country Reports : Fiji (1992: 6.12mb)

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, 1992) and the Rio Declaration highlighted the need for sustainable development-socially responsible economic development that protects the resource base and the environment for the benefit of future generations. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which was one of the outcome instruments of the UNCED process, also highlights the need for conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD)
National Reports: Fiji 1 (1997 ; 83kb), Fiji 2 (2001 ; 319kb)

Fourth National Reports:
Fiji (2010; 3.18mb)

see also Country profiles compiled by the Secretariat for the UNCBD.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which was one of the outcome instruments of the UNCED process, highlights the need for conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (Land Degradation) (UNCCD)
National Reports:
First National Report: Fiji (2000; 159kb)

Second National Reports: Fiji (2002; 510kb)

Third National Report: Fiji (2006 ; 668 kb)

National Action Plans: Fiji (2007; 572kb)

see also UNCCD Country Profiles:
Fiji

see also UNCCD Reports clearinghouse mechanism

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification is an agreement to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
(i) National Communications and In-depth Reviews
Fiji (2005; 6.29mb)

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC,1992) is concerned with global warming and the consequent rise in sea levels that may result in the flooding of coastal areas, and submerging islands, which could adversely affect coastal communities. The treaty aims at reducing emissions of greenhouse gas in order to combat global warming. Although the treaty as originally framed set no mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual nations and contained no enforcement provisions; it did include provisions for updates (called "protocols") that would set mandatory emission limits. The principal update is the Kyoto Protocol.

World Summit on Sustainable Development [Rio+10 - Johannesburg 2002]
Country profiles: Fiji (2002; 376kB)

Pacific WSSD Regional Assessment (2002; 91kb) and Pacific Position Paper (2004; 91kb)
see also: Synthesis Report for Asia and the Pacific (2001; 1.22mb)

The WSSD Plan of Implementation calls for the management of the natural resources base in a sustainable and integrated manner. In this regard, to reverse the current trend in natural resource degradation as soon as possible, it is necessary to implement strategies which should include targets adopted at the national and, where appropriate, regional levels to protect ecosystems and to achieve integrated management of land, water and living resources, while strengthening regional, national and local capacities.

The Johannesburg Declaration and the Plan of Implementation arising from the World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD, 2002) reconfirmed the commitment of States to advance and strengthen the interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars of sustainable development-economic development, social development and environmental protection-at the local, national, regional and global levels.

Fiji Environment Department - Reports and documents collection

Annual Reports - 2005, 2006, 2007

Strategies and Policies
Air Pollution Control Strategy
National Environment Strategy
NBSAP 2007
Liquid Waste Management Strategy
National Solid Waste Management Strategy

Acts and Regulations
Environment Impact Assesment Process Reg 2007
Waste Disposal & Recycling Reg 2007
Environment Management Act 2005
EPS Reg 2003
EPS Act 2002
FIJI ODS Reg 2000
FIJI ODS Act 1998

for more acts and regulations see National legislation

Legislation and cases can be found on the Paclii site. Important environmental laws include:

Birds and Game Protection Act [Cap 170]

Endangered and Protected Species Act 2002

Endangered and Protected Species Regulations 2003

Environment Management Act 2005

Fisheries Act [Cap 158]

Fisheries (Protection of Turtles) (Amendments) Regulations 2004

Forest Decree 1992

Land Conservation and Improvement Act [Cap 141]

Land Development Act [Cap 142]

Litter Decree 1991
Litter Promulgation 2008
Litter (Amendment) Decree 2010

Natural Disaster Management Act 1998

Rivers and Streams Act [Cap 136]

Ozone Depleting Substances Act 1998

Town Planning Act [Cap 139]
Read more

Technical Reports

Reports available online from the SPREP Library and IRC database
Reports available online from SOPAC [Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission]
Reports available online from ReefBase Pacific

search also SPC Coastal and Oceanic Fisheries Digital Library
Read more

Multimedia - posters, videos etc

Videos

1. Vital Food - Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change - Fiji
Climate Change in Fiji is causing a large increase in the incidence and intensity of extreme rainfall -- the ensuing floodwaters are simply overwhelming the current drainage systems in Fiji's low-lying agricultural areas, and when the rivers and creeks are unable to drain excess water, crops are ruined, healthy local foods become scarce, the local economy is threatened, and the staple diet of the Fijian people is compromised.

Fiji's PACC pilot project aims to increase food security for local communities by demonstrating techniques that can ameliorate the effects of flooding and even the flooding itself.

2.
- The Pacific Ocean is unimaginably vast. You could fit the whole of the world’s landmasses into it with room left over for another Africa. It stretches from the heat of the tropics to the sub-Antarctic - coral gardens thrive in its warmest waters - and icebergs float in its coldest. The distance between its islands can be huge, literally hundreds, even thousands of miles. And yet, life made it there. This July, BBC Earth brings to Blu-ray and DVD a stunning, high definition voyage of discovery through this unique and fascinating oceanscape - Wild Pacific

Posters
Chemical safety - our responsibility [Poster]
Learn, live with and save our endangered species [Poster]

Academic literature and research

via Google Scholar
Read more

Country websites

Bouma National Heritage Park

Fiji Govt.

Fiji Department of Environment

Fiji Meteorological Office

Mamanuca Environment Society

Namena Marine Reserve

National Capacity Self Assessment (NCSA) project website - see Publications

National Trust of Fiji
"The National Trust of Fiji (NTF), a statutory body funded jointly by the Fiji Government, independent donors and multi-lateral projects, was established in 1970 to provide for the protection of Fiji’s natural, cultural and national heritage. It is the only National Trust of the South Pacific region and Specializes in both the natural and cultural aspects of heritage conservation."

NatureFiji-MareqetiViti
"NatureFiji-MareqetiViti is Fiji’s only domestic NGO working solely for the conservation and sustainable management of Fiji’s unique natural heritage. We aim to generate enthusiasm and local expertise in all matters associated with wildlife conservation and management through raising the level of conservation and environmental awareness and education."

Waitabu Marine Reserve website [Fiji]

SPREP Library and IRC collection [SLIC] - includes online full text access to a wide range of Pacific environment materials.

The Pacific Environment Information Network [PEIN] Virtual Library - full text publications from SPREP, SOPAC, SPC and other CROP agencies, Pacific govt. environment depts. , regional institutions, and NGOs active in the area of environment conservation.

Pacific Environment Databases and Recommended Internet Resources

see also:

SPREP's International Instruments' webpage
"International instruments relevant to SPREP's work in the areas of Sustainable Economic Development, Ecosystems Management, Climate Change, and Waste Management."